| Polyacrylonitrile fiber, as a significant synthetic polymer material, finds broad applications. Its textiles are primarily used in traditional fields such as apparel and home furnishings. In recent years, with the advancement of functional modification techniques, polyacrylonitrile fiber has demonstrated outstanding application potential in cutting-edge areas such as energy storage materials, adsorption-based purification, and heterogeneous catalysis.. A common approach to achieve such functionalization involves the transformation of cyano groups into reactive functional groups. However, conventional modification methods often suffer from high energy consumption, serious environmental pollution, and low efficiency, underscoring the urgent need for more efficient and greener alternatives. In recent years, energy field-induced modification technologies have attracted increasing attention due to their advantages of environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and strong controllability. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms, process optimization strategies, and recent advancements in polyacrylonitrile fiber functionalization using various energy fields-including ultrasound, microwave, gamma irradiation, electron beam, ultraviolet light, and plasma. Key aspects such as structural regulation of the fiber, surface functional group introduction, and composite material fabrication are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on practical applications in areas such as heavy metal ion adsorption, CO2 capture, catalytic degradation, flame retardant treatment, and carbon fiber precursor preparation. The review provides valuable insights and references for the further development and application of energy field-induced PAN fiber modification technologies. |
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