| 袁紫亮,罗志强,何智娟.化学通报,2025,88(12):1309-1316. |
| 准金属：介于金属与非金属之间的奇妙元素 |
| Metalloids: The Fascinating Elements Between Metals and Nonmetals |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-13 修订日期：2025-09-22 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 准金属 物理化学性质 半导体 催化合成 |
| 英文关键词:Metalloids, Physicochemical properties, Semiconductors, Catalytic synthesis |
| 基金项目:重庆市自然科学基金创新发展联合基金项目(CSTB2024NSCQ-LMX0013)和重庆第二师范学院2025年度重大科研项目培育项目(25XJZDKYPYXM02)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 准金属是一类兼具金属与非金属性质的特殊元素，位于元素周期表中金属与非金属之间的“中间地带”。凭借“亦金属亦非金属”的独特性质，准金属在现代科技与工业领域中占据重要地位。本文首先介绍准金属的定义、分类与发现历史，并深入探讨其物理和化学性质。随后，围绕硅、硼、锗、碲等典型准金属元素，系统梳理其在半导体器件、太阳能电池、航空材料、钢铁合金等高新技术领域的应用。最后，分析了准金属在催化合成和功能材料中的前沿探索。通过对准金属结构特性与功能价值的综合解析，本文旨在揭示其作为连接金属与非金属、推动新材料创新的重要桥梁作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Metalloids are a special class of elements that exhibit both metallic and nonmetallic properties, occupying the “intermediate zone” between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table. Due to their unique nature of being "neither fully metal nor nonmetal," metalloids hold a significant position in modern science and industry. This paper first introduces the definition, classification, and discovery history of metalloids, and then explores their physical and chemical properties in depth. It further focuses on representative metalloids such as silicon, boron, germanium, and tellurium, systematically reviewing their wide-ranging applications in high-tech fields including semiconductor devices, solar cells, aerospace materials, and steel alloys. Finally, the paper analyzes frontier research on the use of metalloids in catalytic synthesis and functional materials. Through a comprehensive analysis of their structural characteristics and functional value, this work aims to highlight metalloids as vital bridges between metals and nonmetals and as driving forces for innovation in emerging materials. |
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