| With the increasing severity of global freshwater scarcity, the development of efficient and sustainable water-harvesting technologies has become urgently needed. Sorption-based Atmospheric Water Harvesting (SAWH) technology, which can capture water vapor from the atmosphere under low relative humidity conditions, is considered a highly promising strategy for freshwater production. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in key sorbent materials and their applications in SAWH systems, with particular emphasis on the structural design, water adsorption performance, and harvesting mechanisms of liquid sorbents, salt-based composite sorbents, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based sorbents, polymer network sorbents, and biomass-derived composite sorbents. In addition, representative application cases, continuous operation strategies, and multifunctional integrated systems for atmospheric water harvesting are comprehensively analyzed and discussed. Finally, the critical challenges facing SAWH technology, including water-harvesting efficiency under low-humidity conditions, adsorption-desorption kinetics, cyclic stability, and energy utilization efficiency, are summarized. Future perspectives on the design of high-performance sorbent materials, thermal management optimization, and system-scale engineering development are also proposed, providing valuable insights for the advancement of efficient and sustainable atmospheric water harvesting technologies. |
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